Letting water drop onto plants through holes in pipes, known as drip irrigation, is considered one of the most efficient methods of irrigation. Figure 1 Watering plants with a can This can be a very time-consuming method and involves very heavy work. When you read through this, you will have a good idea of what needs to be done to give your land the water it needs. Border Flooding Irrigation. There are different methods of irrigation to irrigate your land, depending on what you are growing. conducts with out pressure. Gravity irrigation method. Why Conventional Concrete is not “Green”? Methods of irrigation is an important portion in hydraulics. Relatively large volumes of applied irrigation water percolate through the root zone and become a drainage or groundwater flow. The irrigation system for a field or a farm must be compatible with the other existing farm operations, such as land preparation, cultivation, and harvest. Questions that are common to all irrigation systems are when to irrigate, how much to apply, and can the efficiency be improved. This system is very labor intensive. Irrigation techniques. These will vary from location to location, crop to crop, year to year, and farmer to farmer. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. These individual irrigation systems have a variety of advantages and particular applications. Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient irrigation methods as it reduces water wastage in agriculture. Gravity flow systems convey and distribute water at the field level by a free surface, overland flow regime. For a given time, water will infiltrate more vertically and less laterally in relatively sandy soils than in clay soil. It is mostly used for young growth, to humid the atmosphere, for soil compaction( specially for sandy loam soils before planting, for land having up and down slope and used to wash out plant leaves especially in dusty area. Economical to labour & uniform distribution. The method is one of the most recent developments in irrigation. Includes The farms are divided into number of strips of 5 to 20 meters wide and 100 to 400 meters long. Sprinkler irrigation offers a means of irrigating areas which are so irregular that they prevent use of any surface irrigation methods. furrow, boarder, basin, wild- flooding and corrugation. that the land to be irrigated should have a flatter slope, other wise the cost of land One of the most common and oldest methods of irrigation is surface irrigation. There are mainly three methods- surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. People mostly need deluge when there is drought or no rain. Recommended safe limits of longitudinal slope also depends on the soil texture: Large stream of water is applied to almost level and smaller unit of fields which are surrounded by levees or bunds. Overhead or Sprinkler Irrigation: In this method an attempt is made to simulate natural rainfall. Drip Irrigation: Water to the Roots One approach to getting plants the moisture they need is by sending water directly to the roots with a drip irrigation system or a subsurface drip irrigation system. Gravity irrigation methods are less expensive, but requires more skill and experience to achieve re-scannable efficiency. It artificially bestows the water by fulfilling the demand to safeguard the fast, nutritious growth of crops. By using a low supply rate, deep percolation or surface runoff and erosion can be minimized. Restrictions on irrigation system selection due to topography include: Under gravity irrigation, water is distributed by means of open canals and Surface irrigation systems are usually classed as either flood or furrow systems. Under closed conduit- there are two types of irrigation. All the above techniques use limited quantities of water to promote water conservation and satisfy the requirements of agriculture in developing countries. No water logging and rise of water table at result salinity problems caused by this irrigation type is almost nil. Micro-irrigation, sometimes called localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, or trickle irrigation is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. The grade can be as much as 2 to 3% depending on the soil type and the rainfall intensity, which affects erosion. 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