Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15513900. 1, pp 189-95, 2006. Diethylhexyl phthalate harms the reproductive system and can affect the developing fetus. Many times you have no idea that these toxins are in your hair and skin care products because it isn’t listed in the ingredient label. List of 146 substances with endocrine disruption classifications prepared in the espert meeting. [31],[32],[33], Cancer: The National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report that DEHP is reasonably to be anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of animal studies. Aging Skin. Larry West is an award-winning environmental journalist and writer. May be used as a synthetic additive. 113, pp 1056-1061, 2005. For many of us, our exposure to phthalates may be low on any given day, but we absorb these small quantities of chemicals frequently, over decades. Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=505 August 13, 2014. [6] Houlihan J, Brody C, Schwan B (2002). Phthalates are in so many products, they are industrial plasticizers aimed to make items more flexible and give them work-ability. Abstract Available Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551087. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0438.html. Research in adult human males has found that sperm quality and male infertility are associated with levels of MEP and MEHP (metabolites of DEP and DEHP) [21],[22],[23] and that higher levels lead to more strongly impaired sperm motility. [12] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX). Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf August 14, 2014. [15],[16]Shorter ano-genital distance is characteristic of female sex in both humans and animals. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15513900, http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/139/2/427.full.pdf+html, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519124/pdf/envhper00355-0058.pdf, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228746/, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0438.html. http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/1/189.full.pdf+html, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22197707, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690193, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326419, http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf. Some are considered safe, and others are considered to pose a potential risk. & Hanke W., Exposure to phthalates: reproductive outcome and children health. None of the 72 products tested had phthalates listed on the labels. Shown to damage the liver, kidneys, lungs and reproductive systems in animal studies, phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. IRIS: Di(e-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). [28] Gray LE, et al., Chronic di-n-butyl phthalate exposure in rats reduces fertility and alters ovarian function during pregnancy in female Long Evans hooded rats. [29] Gray LE, et al., Chronic di-n-butyl phthalate exposure in reats reduces fertility and alters ovarian function during pregnancy in female Long Evans hooded rats. 3 MOONS is a skincare solution, in which the range of products focuses on effective treatment rather than covering imperfections. [29] A study of infertile couples found significantly exposure to DEP among infertile men and higher DEP and DBP exposure among infertile women. Parabens are a family of related chemicals that are commonly used as Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. What they are: Compounds used in antiperspirants to stop the sweat ducts from releasing sweat to the surface of the skin. Dibutyl phthalates. But a recent study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that five percent of women between age 20 and 40 had up to 45 times more phthalates in their bodies than researchers initially hypothesized. Available online: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=14. Phthalates (THAL-ates) are chemicals that make plastic soft and flexible. EWG maintains a free online database named "Skin Deep", which list lotions, creams, and polishes that contain phthalates. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf. Two decades of research suggest that phthalates disrupt hormones, which can lead to harm during critical periods of development. Other Common Products Include: August 18, 2014. 1, pp 189-95, 2006. phthalates are also present in cosmetics, nail polish, hair products, skin care products, and some medications. Non-hispanic whites have the lowest levels. [40] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [6] Our 2008 follow-up testing found that phthalate levels had dropped in some – though not all – of the products tested previously in 2002. [31] Jurewicz J. Reports on Carcinogens, twelfth edition, 2011: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Available online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf August 13, 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/. These chemicals, known as plasticizers, are used to make plastics more flexible and less breakable. 18-19. Available online: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/1/189.full.pdf+html. The Truth About Skincare's Biggest Bad Guy. 4,6,7,11,12. Dibutyl phthalates. Environmental Health Perspectives 103(6):582-7. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf. CDC found phthalates in virtually every person tested, but the largest concentrations -- 20 times higher than the rest of the population -- were found in women of child-bearing age. Not Too Pretty: Phthalates, Beauty Products and the FDA. Candidate list of substances of very high concern for authorization: DBP. The female reproductive system may be less sensitive to phthalate exposure than the male reproductive system,[28] although a few studies have found female reproductive effects. August 18, 2014. [10], HEALTH CONCERNS: Endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, cancer MORE... A petroleum by-product that coats the skin like plastic, clogging its pores. Dry … 112, no. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. [9] Manori JS, et al., Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. [36],[37]  Both DEHP and DBP appear to have weak estrogenic effects. 2007. Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=510 August 13, 2014. It has also been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic. [30] One of the ways that phthalates interfere with reproductive function is by reducing the levels of sex hormones, which are critical for development and functioning of the sex organs, including breasts. Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/docum/pdf/bkh_annex_13.pdf August 13, 2014. Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690193. [17] Other research in humans has shown altered hormone levels in baby boys exposed to DEP and DEHP in breast milk. August 18, 2014. [21] Hauser R, et al., DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites. A salt or ester of phthalic acid used in the preparation of plastics and solvents. [3] Some companies have phased DBP out of nail products. What are Phthalates? [24]  Exposure to phthalates, especially DBP and DEHP, can reduce fetal testosterone production, and these anti-androgenic effects may alter fetal cell differentiation and function, leading to altered male genital development. 24, no. BB Cream. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21594692 August 14, 2014. [30] Tranfo G., et al., Urinary phthalate monoesters concentration in couples with infertility problems. Most of the mainstream hair sprays, deodorants, nail polishes and perfumes that millions of people use every day contain these harmful chemicals. Phthalates help fragrances and perfumes adhere to skin. August 18, 2014. 139, pp 427-37, 2010. Non-hispanic whites have the lowest levels. Examples of Organic Chemistry in Everyday Life, The Safest Type of Water Bottle to Drink From. [7] Archer L, Brody C, Malkan S, Sarantis H (2008). Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make products more liquid and less dry. FOUND IN: Color cosmetics, fragranced lotions, body washes and hair care products, nail polish and treatment, WHAT TO LOOK FOR ON THE LABEL:  phthalate, DEP, DBP, DEHP and fragrance, WHAT ARE PHTHALATES? Available online: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/139/2/427.full.pdf+html. Because they are in so … A review of epidemiological studies. The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) banned the use of three phthalates in toys and child care articles at concentrations greater than 0.1 percent: di-2- [11]  In addition, the Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX) includes DEP,[12] DEHP,[13] and DBP[14] as endocrine disruptors. Available online: https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf August 13, 2014. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Pronounced THAL-ates, these chemicals, which are linked to endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and cancer, have been banned from cosmetics in the European Union, but still remain prevalent in U.S. products. [10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [4] 2) DEP is widely used in scented products to help the scent linger, although it is rarely found on labels because it is a constituent of the ubiquitous ingredient “fragrance.” A third phthalate, Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is found in eyelash glue, and is widely used in other consumer products. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf August 14, 2014. But such labels remain to be seen, even though 99 percent of cosmetics contain one or more untested ingredients. Does Nail Polish Banish the Itch from Chigger Bites? Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=527 August 13, 2014. [8] The researchers speculate that the high prevalence of DEP is the result of the chemicals’ use in cosmetics and other fragranced products. Boycotting parabens but no idea what they actually are? [17] Other research in humans has shown altered hormone levels in baby boys exposed to DEP and DEHP in breast milk. [24] Pant N., et al., Environmental and experimental exposure of phthalate esters: The toxicological consequence on human sperm. Phthalates work as softeners in personal care products such as cosmetics and shampoo, as well as flexible plastics like children’s toys. [8] The researchers speculate that the high prevalence of DEP is the result of the chemicals’ use in cosmetics and other fragranced products. The non-profit Environmental Working Group launched the Not Too Pretty campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of phthalates, industrial chemicals that are used as solvents in many cosmetics. Climacteric, vol. More studies associated phthalates breast cancer and with hormonal disruptions in young girls and women. Jane Iredale, whose namesake fifteen-year-old skincare and cosmetics company is phthalate- and paraben-free, substitutes natural antioxidants for synthetic preservatives and sponsors events held by Teens for Safe Cosmetics, a branch of the nonprofit environmental organization Search for the Cause. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. August 13, 2014. [2] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). By Zoe Dubs. Manufacturers use phthalates because they cling to the skin and nails to give perfumes, hair gels and nail polishes more staying power. [Internet]. Dibutyl phthalate. Phthalates share a similar chemical structure and are widely used in consumer products.MORE... Two are widely used in personal care products: 1) dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used in nail polish, and is listed by the EU as an endocrine-disrupting compound of high concern. 113, pp 1056-1061, 2005. DEP is also used in fragranced products to help the scent stay on longer. Toxicological Science, vol. 2, pp 115-41, 2011. August 18, 2014. Pronounced THAL-ates, these chemicals, which are linked to endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and cancer, have been banned from cosmetics in the European Union, but still remain prevalent in U.S. products. GLOSSARY. Candidate list of substances of very high concern for authorization: DEHP. A Little Prettier. In cosmetic products, they are also used as softeners. In the most recent data from the National Biomonitoring Program, the highest levels are found in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Mexican-Americans. [26] Main KM, et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. [25],[26],[27] Women, especially black women, have been found to have a higher body burden of certain chemicals found in cosmetics, including parabens and phthalates… If you look on the back of your average skin-care product, you might see the words “butylparaben,” “methylparaben” or “propylparaben.”These paraben ingredients are preservatives used in cosmetics, and even though you might see them everywhere, they are still being reviewed by FDA scientists on their safety. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf. Cancer: The National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report that DEHP is reasonably to be anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of animal studies. What are Phthalates? 2014. [11]  In addition, the Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX) includes DEP,[12] DEHP,[13] and DBP[14] as endocrine disruptors. Gabriola, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers, pp. 2, pp 115-41, 2011. They are often included in … Human and Experimental Toxicology, vol. Triclosan and triclocarban. 93, no. Endocrine disruption: The European commission has determined that there is sufficient evidence that DBP and DEHP leads to endocrine disruption in living organism. © 2020 Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a project of, https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf, https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.829, https://www.byrdie.com/free-nail-polish-14-brands-worth-your-money-346730, https://static.ewg.org/reports/2002/NotTooPretty.pdf?_ga=2.79541012.1878150350.1597799880-1583975922.1597799880, http://www.safecosmetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/A-Little-Prettier.pdf, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf, https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Sep2013.pdf, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/docum/pdf/bkh_annex_13.pdf, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=527, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=505, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=510, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf, https://www.bcpp.org/resource/phthalates/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf, http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table, http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/3/688.full.pdf+html, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21594692, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19235623, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551087. Lately, brands, bloggers and natural skincare experts alike have been perpetuating the myth that up to 60% of chemicals or ingredients in our skincare products, such … Scientists at government agencies in … EWG spokesperson Lauren E. Sucher urges people—especially women who are pregnant, nursing or planning on becoming pregnant—to avoid phthalates. In the most recent data from the National Biomonitoring Program, the highest levels are found in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Mexican-Americans. The best way to avoid consuming or applying phthalates directly to the skin is to make your own products. [35] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326419. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A, vol. [8] Manori JS, et al., Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. 114, pp 270-276, 2006. [23] Kamrin MA., Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. Unable to display Facebook posts.Show errorfunction cffShowError() { document.getElementById("cff-error-reason").style.display = "block"; document.getElementById("cff-show-error").style.display = "none"; }, A project of Breast Cancer Prevention Partners. [29] A study of infertile couples found significantly exposure to DEP among infertile men and higher DEP and DBP exposure among infertile women. The most common beauty products they are found in are moisturizers and nail polish. Developmental and reproductive toxicity: The European Chemicals Agency classifies DEHP[19] and DBP[20] as reproductive toxicants. Female laboratory rats chronically exposed to DBP and other phthalates showed altered sex hormones and increased likelihood of fetal loss. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. 67, pp 2025-2035, 2004. [16] Breast Cancer Prevention Partners Glossary of Exposures: https://www.bcpp.org/resource/phthalates/, [17] Swan SH, et al., Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. [22] Jurewicz J. Available online:  https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf August 13, 2014. [5] Many of these chemicals are rarely used in personal care products and will be easy to replace. A review of epidemiological studies. Health advocates were temporarily relieved when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it would begin enforcing a 1975 law requiring labels on products with ingredients that haven't been safety tested. [39] Chen FP. A 2003 European Union directive bans phthalates in cosmetics sold in Europe, but U.S. and Canadian regulators have not been so proactive, despite mounting evidence of potential harm. 4, pp 377-84, 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228746/. Triclosan was all … 30, no. [40], Endocrine disruption: The European commission has determined that there is sufficient evidence that DBP and DEHP leads to endocrine disruption in living organism. None of the 72 products tested had phthalates listed on the labels. [31],[32],[33] August 18, 2014. Diethyl phthalate. This is … Abstract online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19235623. He won the Edward J. Meeman Award for Environmental Reporting. Phthalates refers to a wide range of substances that are very different from one another. In field research, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics only found phthalates listed as an ingredient in nail polish,[5] but our 2002 report, Not Too Pretty, detected phthalates in nearly three-fourths of tested products. Human Reproduction, vol. Meanwhile, the industry-backed American Chemistry Council asserts, “There is no reliable evidence that any phthalate has ever caused a health problem for a human from its intended use.” The group accuses organizations of “cherry-picking” results “showing impacts on test animals to create unwarranted concern about these products.”. [34],[35] DBP has been shown to cause proliferation of breast tumor cells and to make anti-estrogen treatments, such as tamoxifen, less effective against tumors. Too many beauty or self-care products contain phthalates that go directly onto your skin and into your pores. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. An analysis of the 1999-2000 data from the CDC’s National Biomonitoring Program found metabolites of DEP in all 2,540 samples and metabolites of DBP in 99% of samples. & Chien MH., Lower concentrations of phthalates induce proliferation in human breast cancer cells. BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) Retinol. 213, pp 15-20, 2012. MINERAL OIL. 24, no. 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